Leptospirosis (Lepto)

 

What is Leptospirosis?

Leptospirosis is a bacterial infection that can be life-threatening for pets. It is a zoonotic disease meaning it can also be transmitted to humans. There are many strains of Leptospirosis bacteria: the most prevalent in Darwin is Lepto australis, followed by Lepto copenhageni which occurs across Australia.

Animals can contract leptospirosis through contact with areas contaminated by the urine, blood, or tissue of animals like rats, native rodents, and possums. The bacteria can persist in water and soil for extended periods, making transmission more likely during the wet season. While potentially fatal, leptospirosis is uncommon in both wild and domestic animals, including dogs, and rare in cats.

 

What are the signs?

The initial signs of Leptospirosis tend to be non-specific and include fever, lethargy and loss of appetite. As the infection progresses it can cause abdominal pain, muscle pain, diarrhoea, vomiting and dehydration. In severe cases it causes liver damage, jaundice, kidney failure and internal bleeding.

 

Can it be treated?

Leptospirosis is potentially fatal. Once diagnosed it can be treated with antibiotics and intensive supportive care. The prognosis depends on the severity of infection. Treatment can be long and costly so prevention is strongly recommended.

 

How is it prevented?

Dogs can receive a vaccination called Lepto2. This provides immunity against Lepto australis and Lepto copenhageni. Two (2) injections four (4) weeks apart are required initially, followed by a booster every 12 months. Due to the potentially fatal nature of the disease in dogs and the possibility of human infection, we recommend all dogs be vaccinated against leptospirosis.

It is also recommended to reduce exposure to the bacteria by minimising contact with potentially infective soil and water. This includes

• Avoiding access to stagnant water (including ponds, lakes and puddles)

• Keep water sources fresh and prevent your pet from drinking unclean water

• Control rats and possums by eliminating food sources and nests (avoid rat poison)